The integration of barium titanate (BaTiO3), a ferroelectric n-type semiconductor, with copper oxide (CuO), a p-type semiconductor, presents promising advancements in the development of multifunctional nanocomposite materials with enhanced photocatalytic properties. In this study, BaTiO3/CuO composites containing 1 % and 10 % CuO were synthesized using a solution method in an alkaline medium, followed by calcination at 1000 °C. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of tetragonal BaTiO3 alongside minor impurities such as BaCO3. Morphological analysis revealed agglomerated, polydisperse particles with increasing size as the CuO content increased. The optical band gap was determined to be 3.00 eV for pure BaTiO3, 2.87 eV for BaTiO3/1 % CuO, and 3.11 eV for BaTiO3/10 % CuO. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated through the degradation of rhodamine B under UV and visible light irradiation in both aqueous and solid-state environments. The BaTiO3/1 % CuO composite exhibited the highest photocatalytic efficiency under UV light in aqueous media, attributed to improved charge separation and reduced recombination of photogenerated carriers. Under visible light, BaTiO3 demonstrated superior performance. These findings underscore the potential of BaTiO3/CuO nanocomposites for applications in environmental remediation, solar energy conversion, and multifunctional device fabrication. The impact of an alternating electric field on the photocatalytic activity of the samples under investigation was determined.
