The present chapter includes the detailed study on the structure, surface morphology, and surface charge of bentonite, bentonite/magnetite, and organo-bentonite powders. Also structure, physical and chemical properties, as well as antimicrobial activity of the hydroxyethyl cellulose films filled with listed particles are described. The first section of chapter is devoted to structural and morphological characteristics of powders that were found using laser diffraction technique, method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption, and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Also the features of crystal structure, IR spectra, and zeta potential for bentonite, bentonite/magnetite, and organo-bentonite powders are discussed. In the second section there is information on effect of filler on X-ray diffraction patterns, IR spectra, and tensile properties of the hydroxyethyl cellulose films. It is concluded that the composite films show an antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and fungi association (genera Aspergillus and Cladosporium).
